Choosing the Best Programming Language for Android Apps

By Taha Azher

Choosing the right programming language for any mobile app development, whether it's an Android app development or an IOS app development, both can be made on cross-platform native, where you can get a wider audience approach across the global area. Today in this blog, we will be talking only about which programming language is best for Android development apps in 2025, which can also bring a foundational decision. This will shape your project’s success. The programming language influences not only how fast you can build the app, but also gives a quick performance, long-term maintainability, and scalability in today's market competition, where every Android user is able to download new apps. Whether you’re a startup building an MVP, a product manager evaluating technical risk, or a developer deciding what skill to learn next is highly important and valuable to expand your expertise to a whole new level.

Why The Choice of Programming Language Matters

Before diving into language options, let’s understand why your choice matters:

  1. Performance: when we talk about any programming language, whether it's React, NextJS, or any native language that provides superior performance because they integrate more deeply with Android’s runtime, and consume less memory in developing the app.
  2. Developer Productivity: Some languages (or frameworks) are more expressive or have modern features (like hot reload) that speed up development quicker, as your app is totally zero, if it doesn’t have any AI feature trend right now in today's market competition.
  3. Interoperability & Legacy: If you have existing Java code or want to migrate gradually, language interoperability is key to executing your business project smoothly.
  4. Maintenance & Safety: Therefore, Programming languages also give strong type systems or built-in safety (e.g., null-safety) help reduce runtime crashes and make future development easier.
  5. Cross-Platform Goals: If you plan to reach iOS or the web too, cross-platform languages or frameworks might be more efficient and highly affordable, making two apps on one platform.
  6. Team Skills: What your team already knows will strongly influence how quickly and effectively they can build in a given language, based on the quality app and its preferences, they need in that app, and the amount of requirements to get the development done properly.

Top Programming Languages for Android Development

Here are the leading programming languages (and associated frameworks) for Android development in 2025, along with their trade-offs.

1. Kotlin

Kotlin is one of the best programming languages that is mostly used in Android mobile app development, which is highly developed by JetBrains, and has become Google’s preferred language for Android. It can easily run on the JVM and is fully interoperable with Java, making it a natural choice for both new and existing Android apps.

  • You can easily use concise and expressive syntax that will reduce boilerplate code compared to Java. It can also easily help you to eliminate the common source of crashes (Null Pointer Exceptions).
  • Coroutines: You can also get built-in support for asynchronous programming.
  • Jetpack Compose: Kotlin-based modern UI toolkit for building declarative UIs.
  • Interoperability: You can use existing Java libraries and code seamlessly for better performance.
  • Multiplatform capability: With Kotlin Multiplatform (KMM), you can share business logic across Android, iOS, and other platforms.
  • Strong Google & community support: You can widely adopt and be well-supported. Most new Android projects need modern and safe code to get their app ready for the market. Many mobile app development projects are highly sharing logic via Kotlin Multiplatform for user user-friendly approach in today's competition.

2. Java
Java has been a core language for Android since its earliest versions. Even today, Java remains widely used for legacy apps and enterprise systems. It is one of the long-established ecosystems with numerous libraries, tools, and frameworks for mobile app development.

  • Large Developer Pool: Many professional developers are deeply experienced in Java. You can get older Android libraries, and codebases are Java-based, which can be used for a database.
  • Performance: In many scenarios, Java provides good, reliable native performance, keeping your next Android app faster and highly maintained. Therefore, Java also requires more boilerplate than more modern languages like Kotlin.
  • Null Safety: This is one of the amazing languages that lacks built-in null-safety, making it more prone to runtime errors without careful handling.
  • Slower to Develop: Due to verbosity and older paradigms, writing and iterating can be slower. This language is mostly used on large-scale enterprise applications, prioritizing stability and compatibility.

3. Dart (with Flutter)

Dart powers Flutter, Google’s UI toolkit for building high-performance, cross-platform apps (Android, iOS, web, desktop) from a single codebase. You can write once, run anywhere from a single codebase for Android, iOS, and more, creating your app from scratch. Many professional Flutter developers can easily and quickly test UI changes, accelerating iteration, and can adapt major changes to their apps.

  • Performance: Dart compiles AOT (ahead-of-time) to native code, offering near-native speed for your business apps.
  • Rich UI Capabilities: Today, Flutter gives away many widget system that allows for highly customizable and expressive UIs and have an attractive look. You can easily be backed by Google and widely adopted by startups. Flutter apps can be larger than some pure native ones.
  • Platform-specific Work: For some native features, you may need to write platform-specific plugins.
  • Learning Curve: Dart is less common than Java/Kotlin, so there might be a ramp-up.
  • Less Mature Native Integration: Some hardware-heavy or platform-specific APIs may require additional work. It is mostly used for cross-platform projects (Android + iOS). You can also get started with a fresh MVP or startups wanting rapid development with a quick layout ready. Most mobile apps where UI and user experience (design) are top priorities to keep the performance and quality of work ready and sustainable in today's market demand.

4. JavaScript / TypeScript (React Native)

React Native is one of the new languages that was professionally introduced for mobile applications. It also uses JavaScript (or TypeScript) to build native-style mobile applications, which today it has widely used for building cross-platform mobile apps.

  • Code Reuse Across Platforms: You can get significant portions that can be reused for Android and iOS.
  • Web Developer Friendly: If you’re a mobile app developer who is already comfortable with JS/TS, the transition is smoother.
  • Fast Iteration: With hot reload, you can make UI changes and test them quickly.
  • Large Ecosystem: A Huge number of libraries and modules in the JS ecosystem.
  • Many mobile application teams with a web development background use this programming language for further development.
  •  Therefore, Cross-platform apps where absolute top-tier performance is not mandatory. You can easily set up an MVP or business-focused apps where development speed matters more than peak performance.

5. C# (.NET / Xamarin / .NET MAUI)

C# can be used for Android development through Xamarin or .NET MAUI, giving the leverage of the .NET ecosystem.

  • Shared Codebase Across Platforms: One C# codebase can support Android, iOS, and other platforms for getting your mobile app ready.
  • Powerful Language Features: C# has modern language features that are highly constructible, like LINQ, async/await, and a mature tooling ecosystem.
  • Enterprise-Grade: You can also be backed by Microsoft, making it attractive for business and enterprise apps, taking it to the next level of programming.
  • Good Performance: When compiled via Xamarin, it can perform close to native by giving optimal performance, standing out in the global market. When it comes to .NET apps, you may end up being a larger in binary size. So, if your team isn’t already familiar with .NET/C#, it may take time to ramp up.

6. C++ (Android NDK)

C++ is also another programming language that you can use in Android for performance-based on important components via the Native Development Kit (NDK).

 

  • It has given an ideal for heavy computation, games, media processing, or real-time modules to create and implement in your mobile apps. You can also take advantage of existing C/C++ libraries.
  • It also gives fine-grained control over memory and system resources, keeping your system performance running smoothly during your app usage.
  • Complexity: C++ code is harder to write and maintain, especially for memory safety, and has a higher risk of coding errors, and hard to troubleshoot the program.
  • Security Risk: More prone to memory-related bugs (buffer overflows, etc.).
  • Productivity Trade-Off: Development takes longer compared to high-level languages. It is mostly used in various industries and is especially used in game development or graphics-intensive apps for better animation and results.
  • Your app performance-critical modules (e.g., real-time audio/video, custom algorithms)
  • Portions of an app (e.g., core logic) rather than the full UI

How to Choose the Right Language for Your Project

Here is a practical framework to help you decide which programming language you want to learn and implement for your next mobile app development here today:

  1. Define Your Requirements
    • It's always better to understand your needs and preferences for your next mobile app, whether you need cross-platform (Android + iOS) or just Android.
    • Is performance an important factor (e.g., gaming, real-time features) for your next mobile application, and how fast do you need to get started with your app? Whether it’s a startup project or a long-term product?
  2. Evaluate Your Team’s Skills
    • Do you have Java or Kotlin developers in your team or looking to hire a professional mobile app developer through an outsider or freelance, based on your project?
    • Are you coming from a web background (JS/TS)?
    • Are C#/C++ developers available or already on your team?
  3. Balance Speed vs. Performance
    • If you want your Android app development with rapid iteration, you can easily consider Flutter or React Native today in the market value, where you can get both Android and IOS apps ready.
    • For performance or native integration, you can get started to learn Kotlin, Java, or C++ by understanding their commands and actions.
  4. Prototype & Validate
    • You can also build a small proof-of-concept to test performance, development workflow, and tooling. Once your app is in the development phase, you can easily assess how quickly your team can debug, test, and deploy.
  5. Estimate Cost & Risk
    • You can also learn a new language/framework may slow the initial phases, but will help you in the future. Therefore, cross-platform reduces duplication but adds dependency risk and is affordable for your app development.
    • You can also adopt native languages, which will take more effort early but are often more robust long-term in the future.

Selecting The Best Programming Language

So, whether you are making an app for Android or IOS app, it's important to select the best programming language that fits your development and makes your app scalable and beneficial for your customers' needs. Creating an Android app is more than just a technical choice; it’s a strategic one to have a secure long-term investment. This all depends on choosing the  “right” language based on your team, goals, performance needs, and long-term vision.

I am Taha Azher from Lahore, Pakistan, an experienced Content Writer specialist with 5+ years of crafting SEO-optimized, engaging content across 50+ niches, including IT, AI, digital marketing, business, SaaS, and technical services. Skilled in AI-driven content writing, research, and social media strategy, I deliver content with a track record in blogs, articles, website copy, and social media content. I am open to freelance opportunities and collaborations in content writing services. Check out my website here today! https://findmyblogs75.wordpress.com/

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